Saturday, 30 March 2013

Shokorology: Definition, Theory and Practice


By

 Abubakar Sulaiman Muhd

26/03/2013





 Many sociologists, thinkers and philosophers have tried to capture and explain the concept of Shokorology. Shokorology as a social phenomenon is a topic that has direct relationship with the study of interaction and relationship between individuals on campus.
         
Shokorology, in general terms, means relaxation and enjoyment of life. Shokorology can also be defined as a way of academic life in which students on campus enjoy their life by  devoting much of their time and attention to the pleasurable activities rather than the studies itself. It is away of academic life whereby students engage in certain activities they can derive pleasure and comfort from, and by displaying certain fashionable characters and appearance that will impress others.

Students with the belief in shokorology must be attending every resting point, joints and other amusement parks on campus where male and female students gather to interact freely for the enjoyment of themselves without internal disturbances and interference from the school authority or other external forces like Hisbah.

However, students in shokoro can be attending all their necessary lectures but have nothing to do with library except in some special and emergency cases, i.e. when exam is around the corner or they are given assignment finding information in books that can only be found in the library. This does not necessarily mean that students practicing shokorology are not serious, smart, intelligent and obedient. Shokorologists are brilliant and obedient to the rules of the college. Only that they devote much of their time to shokorology during day time to the extent that they can’t have spare time to read their books while on in school but do reading their notes with much concentration  at home after school hours.

While at resting point, joint or park, a shokorologist can buy dish and refreshment to all fellow shokoroloigts when he or she has has money in their pocket. But in the case when a student is in broke, that is no story,  she  or he can enjoy in the pain of the pocket of their friends. In reciprocation, put differently, when their friends have no money they can buy them dish and refreshment in return of the gesture they did to them when they were in the same condition of financial break down.

When a group of friends is in short of money or have no money at all, they can still derive comfort while watching others enjoy, a kind of existential or notional shokorology. Another swap means of maximizing pleasure is that students can kill time by engaging with the opposite sex in animated conversation on various aspects of social life ranging from school life, hobby, favourite dish, colour, books, movies, TV show, travelling, and other life experience as well as sharing ideas and views about their individual perception on the concept of love. 

During time-out or free hours, students usually come to the centre passageway of the college to sit and watch the world go by as students move to and from all directions. For male students in such sitting, their discussion centers on assessing the most impressive and attractive lady. A lady who among all the girls, wears the most attractive and flattering clothes and knows how best to apply them to match on her body with an acute consciousness to catch the attention of the guys.  For a lady to be chosen as the most fashionable and attractive, she must be a girl with high-level passion and deep desire in make-up, using a lot of cosmetics such as talcum powder, creams, ring, earring, necklace, perfume and costume, all of them working together to bring the unity of her face.

In this assessment, the look of the face counts a little. The main consideration and criterion set as a standard to qualify a girl win the position of a Lady of the College,  is her matching appearance. A girl wearing a red clothes, blue headscarf, and black shoes will have little chances, or no chance at all, in winning the coveted post. A lady who wears purple dress, violet scarf and shoes and holds a matching bag can easily win the position especially if she knows how to swing her body while she walks and opens her cleavage and the beauty of her face for others to see and appreciate. Another considerable factor is the way and manner in which she controls her voice with tantalizing pauses and delay, and by way of putting sweet phrases here and there in her speech. Such lady is what the guys usually referred to as ‘Babbar yarinya.’
         
Female students on the other hand are not left behind. They also form their own group to discuss and assess the most handsome and attractive guy. Unlike guys, ladies usually consider some attributes with which they choose the Boy of the College. A boy chosen appears to be tall, mesomorph, light-complexioned, and a Fulani-like with smooth shiny hair who always happens to be clean even if he is not brilliant. One important thing is, he must be unserious, playful and full of humor or else he might end serving as academic bodyguard. The girls don’t like someone with hefty ideas and too formal and serious.

The belief is that a boy with smooth and shiny hair is a seed in their life that can make them yield babies especially girls that will grow to have long and smooth hair, as the penchant for long hair is always gaining ground in the society. It is value-adding to have a light-skinned friend if you are pitch black. Unless you are hopeless and resign that you will always be rejected, but even that you can  consider having an open hand and pretend to be gullible. Girls will troop to share in the spoil. Also pretend to not know any bad words they would say about you, they will abuse you behind your back.
         

Types of Shokorology

There are broadly two types of shokorology: absolute shokorology and limited shokorology.

Absolute Shokorology

This is a situation where students engage and submit  themselves absolutely  to shokorology, neck deep. Their life seems to be made for the purpose, having no other concern in their mind or subject of discussion than shokoro activities. In this type of shokorology, students ask around and ferret out, seeking out information on any event taking place or going to take place with full detail as to when where, who and who among the ladies and girls will attend the show.

Shokorologists  have an extreme desire for attending parties and are normally those who love taking pictures, are at all the time at the forefront of any social events if not organizers.

On the campus they don’t attend all their lectures that truly concern them. They rather perambulate, malinger and regurgitate lackadaisically around the spots where girls are known to be found, and vice versa. In case they attend a lecture, it can be in another department different from their own and definitely it must be to the accompaniment of watching ladies only to concentrate on their phones doing 2go, facebook, twitter, Whatsup, Nimbuz and BBM etc.  

They don’t come to school on the official hours and sometimes play the game of truancy unless if they have an appointment with a lady whom they really want to see and have to comply with her directives to hang around, killing time up till she finishes all her lectures of the day.

In many cases, they take long time without crossing the threshold the school gate and when they do, they don’t come with their bags or take some portion of their books or any other learning materials. Rather, they come single handedly. While at home after school they go clubbing instead of reading the poor lessons they receive from the school.

As to the ladies, they practice virtually all the habits of their male partners. The only difference is that such ladies come to school regularly and are coming to school even during holiday just to keep to some appointments they made with their guys. In schools  that offer hostel facilities, such students prefer to remain on campus during holiday to going to their homes.


In their talks with guys, obscene words and lewd statements dominate their conversation which more often leads to fondling, touching and the big enjoyment, you know. They are confident, upbeat and unpretentious, they aren’t shy of anybody. The less confident can use veil at night and invite a man into their Hijab.

Out of school environment, they maintain their relationship with their partners where they can meet at a rendezvous when they get titillated to exhaust their lust. This type of shokorology is meant for the class of students termed as “first class big boys and first class big.”

Limited Shokorology

In this type, students make the balance of shokorology and studies. Playing all the game of chatting, attending parties, gamboling around but careful of lectures and conscious of the purpose of their presence at school on the belief that without education all the pleasure of life will remain elusive. They attending all their lectures and take with them their books to read them at home. Students map their ways of deriving comfort and pleasure to some certain limits. They believe that school is a place of learning while home is a place for revising and duly studying what they take from the college.

Unlike students practicing absolute shokorology, this class of shokorologists doesn’t go clubbing and even on campus, they struggle to remain consistent with their religion and culture or attempt to reconcile the two with the social engagements. According to shokorogy theorist, students falling into this category are classified as social ustaz, very shy to do things freely because of the judgmental eyes and having lack immoral courage. The extreme of their decadency stops at the words of mouth where you can hear them say some phrases like ‘za ka ji dadinta. You will enjoy it. Za ka ci amfaninta. You will benefit from it.’ In as much as school hour is over they just abandon any shokoro activity.

These kinds of students are those who relax at school and study hard at home. Sometimes other students in the college look forward to their failure in the exam but strike their opponent with great surprise because after the result is released they emerge with flying colour and fascinating performance. This group of students is termed as “second class Big Boys and Girls.”

NB

Many young adults give the excuse that they enjoy their life in their young ages so as to avoid doing remedial of the shokoro in their their oldhood. It is equally important to know that, according to IBK, those who work hard and read a great deal of books are rewarded with important positions in the society. So the more effort you made the more reward you receive. As the same case with farmer, the more committed and dedicated he becomes to his farm the more and better yield he would cultivate. But no matter the amount of rain and fertilizer, he would not harvest the good yield if he is reneged to his farming responsibility.    


      

Factors Determining Shokorology

There are factors that determine the involvement of students into shokorology among which include:

1.     Financial status:- Income position of a student determines his/her behaviour to accept or reject shokorology. A student with high income status tends to incline to shokorology more than a student with meager income though some students endure to indulge in shokorology despite their financial strain.

2.     Family background: - Most of students who come from the hygienic family usually engage in shokoro activities as they appear always clean, than those who come from lesser hygienic background since the solid foundation upon which the concept stands is cuteness and smartness.

3.     Impression and personal interest:- A student who prior to his/her presence on  campus who may have no interest in shokorology can now develop the it especially if they find those pals  who are practicing it so impressively attractive. Or in many cases, students doing shokorology have already planned in their mind while they are at home before getting admission that they  engage in shokoro when they come on campus.

4.     Peer group:- The type of the associates a student meets in the school will greatly influence their  conduct. A student can be financially and comfortably off and might even come from hygienic family but may not have the pulse in shokoro. But if s/he meets friends who cherish the idea of shokorology s/he can be gradually influenced to buy the idea of the concept and develop the habit in their mind and later on to begin to demonstrate it physically.

5.     Level of socialization:- Students who already have the opportunity to socialize with others in the past or having past experience of associating with different people even with  their relatives at home, have the tendency to continue in the same line which they have become familiar with. Such students are usually gregarious who always want to share their world with others and do exhibit the habit of confidently socialization with the opposite sex.

Advantage

1.    One of the advantages of shokorology is that it gives pleasure, merriment, jollification and comfort.

2.    It is nourishing and refreshing.

3.    It does away with physical and mental stress since different sexes involve in mingling and interaction through the course of conversation and discussion.

4.    It promotes amity between male and female students hence socialization exists without gender discrimination.

5.    It is educative since the persons involved share views and ideas about social issues and other life experiences.

6.    It refreshes students’ brains to allow them comprehend the lectures clearly than those who do not participate in shokoro since the old saying ‘always work and no play made jack a dull boy.

7.    It encourages the performance of hygiene among students

Disadvantages

Every advantage has its disadvantage, shokorology as a social phenomenon has its own side effects.

1.    It encourages extravagant and imprudent spending of resources.

2.    It serves as a cult group.

3.     It encourages the spread of immoral activities such as homosexual, lesbianism, and fornication.

4.    It also promotes nefarious acts such as stealing and pilferage.

5.    Student may cheat their parent by increasing or claiming false academic expenses to supplement his/her shokoro expenditure.

6.    Students are likely to develop cavalier attitude or might forget the primary purpose of their presence in school especially if they become deeply involved in the art of shokorology.

7.    It is wasting time since the students must not meet again after leaving the college during the end of their programme.

8.    It creates nuisance e.g. music will be coming into the classrooms .

9.    There is a great risk of loss involved in attending party and other social event while lecture is in progress.

10.                        Shokorologists are seen in the society as defiants of the society if their activities deviate from the norms of the society which they belong to. For example it is deviation in Hausa community to intermingle between male and female overwhelmingly beyond plausible reason even among close relatives.

11.                       Shokorologist are very tricksters as they don’t tell heir friends that they read at home. This tricky attitude makes some members suffer a lot in the examination hall by looking at the ceiling or chewing the tail end of their pen since they don’t read and  know what to write on their answer sheet. The worst of it is that such students are always at the receiving end and are likely to face the hazard of withdrawal for poor performance in the exams or caught attempting exam malpractice.


By and large, due to the nature of shokorology as to its advantage and disadvantage, it is some times good and up to the student to make a careful consideration of the factors surrounding him or her, be ready to take responsibility of the consequence of their action, in making decision as to accept or reject shokorology practice or making the balance of the two. But all is depending upon the circumstances of economic and mindset of an individual.     

Social Media in Our Environment


 

Social Media in Our Environment

By
Abubakar Sulaiman Muhd
24/03/2013


After a long-haul period of transformation from age to age and from generation to generation and from century to century, modern scientific innovation and technological advancement have now catapulted us into the world of information age. The existence of social networking sites such as You Tube, My Space, Blog, Yahoo, Twitter, and Facebook etcetera, is playing a vital role in the act of collecting and disseminating information around the world.
          The decorum and decoration of events, the memory and memorization of occurrences, the growth and development   of economy, the history and literature of a society are all now within the spectrum of capturing events, through writing ordinarily or in journalistic form or rather in collecting them and sharing them with others in whatever form  through mass medium, and in this case social media since it is the easiest means that we have greater access to interact with others in distant places from our environment.
          The existence of modern means of communication devices capable of working multimedia application such as smart phones allows us chance much more than using only social media to interact with others but also making media houses to redirect to adaptation of participatory media system via creation of some special programmes that accommodate call-in from the people at home, receiving instant messages and eye-witness account of event to ease collecting and disseminating news around the universe.
          Audience participatory media or street journalism such as user’s comment attached to news, personal blog, photo or video footage from mobile phone or camera or local news written by a local resident of a particular community is all the integral part of the imperative factors that play in shrinking the world to a global village in terms of sharing information in a great velocity from different angles of the world. A person can snap a photo of newsworthy event happening in local area or videotape or missiving it and post it in online sites for others to read them and form their views about them.
          In 2004 when the 9.1 magnitude underwater earthquake caused a huge tsunami in Indonesia, news and footages of the event came from street journalists. During 9/11 attack, eye-witness account of the event was gathered from social media. During the recent and going-on Arab spring that ousted some rulers, the heavy crackdown and brutality against humanity and other war crimes committed were widely broadcast through social media. Likewise the coverage of the shameful irregularities committed during 2011 Nigerian election was culled from social media. A study conducted in the UK and the USA explored that by the year 2021 50% of news will be coming from social media.
           Not only news sharing, social media safeguards the rights of the citizens since miscreant security agents are afraid of  publicity, even though the persons working in the field might not necessarily be professional practitioners. But still being them not professional is not a ground to condemn them for they are helpful and principle of human right protection welcomes them. Here are some instances that I will raise later to auger right my argument.
          State enacts labyrinth of laws to suit the interest of specific people, like law of sedition which tends to restrict the right of a journalist to talk about some issues pertaining public affairs capable of generating protest or hatred against the government.  No matter how officials mismanage the affairs; the law prevents any person from questioning the reason why the public matters appear to be wrongly treated. For instance, here in Nigeria the law prohibits any person to tell the citizens that officials stole money from the state Foreign Reserved Account during 2011 election, and to enlighten people to protect their vote during election. Because it happened that government officials accused Buhari and his associates like Buba Galadima of being rubble-rousers - of their statements that say ‘cast your votes, protect it and fight for it when it is denied’; which according to the officials’ misconception, their words calculated to be sedition in humbug and dirty political language of ignorant politicians; caused the post election violence in some states in northern part of the country.
           To neutralize this self-protecting law that immunes the national rats to continue with impunity stealing the countries’ resources silently or in what Sam Nda-Isaiah calls as turn-to-turn stealing of the state’s resources, social media limits the scope of the law itself. Its strength is invincible, it protests against such laws that aim at curtailing freedom of expression against the undoings of kleptomaniac public office holders. Users of social media express whatever opinion they have about the public affairs of their society no matter how it would turn out to be to the officials. Backing them is the identity protection they enjoy guaranteed by the cyberspace. In fact social journalism tends to provide a flow of news and stories that are crude and unedited, unlike in formal media organizations where news has to undergo a series of editing. In case of any news that might appear to be bitter to the government, it has to be edited to sugar the bitterness or be penalbeat to suit the government bidding, or at worst if this proves abortive, deliberate omissioning of the story. Editing story in social media is subject to the user’s discretion.
          Some people show high interest in unedited news and live-on-the-spot reports, which is why when we hear stories on media we immediately refer back to social media to contact our friends who are acting as our reporters in their locales to confirm what we heard. Though news coming from social media is usually exaggerated, inaccurate, imbalanced and unascertained. But the belief is that ‘just tell us the story we the readers or audience will use our sensibility to separate the wheat from the chaff. Not only social media is value-laden for there are many of a formal media organizations that play the same game as social journalism does, they report only what pleases them and tallies with the mission and interest of the owners. An instance to prove this is during Fuel Subsidy Removal struggle in Nigeria. Western international media could hardly broadcast the protest incidence on media so frequently than they did, and do, to the protest in the then Libya and now Syria. Train of thanks to the technology the mother of social media, for we the international social journalists reporting our local happenings to our distant friends gave to the incidence full coverage and wide broadcast. We also used a lot of propaganda and exaggeration as many media organizations do to achieve their goals through the process of disseminating information.
          Here are some instances regarding the argument I mentioned to raise earlier on, the issue of social media aptly safeguarding the rights of individuals. I could remember during the onset of the protest in Kano, my friend and I publicized the demonstration and the venue where it took place on Facebook. On the evening of the very first day the turns out that showed off doubled the number of the people in the morning threefold at least. People converged on the square from all direction, and most of them heard the news through the publicity we made on facebook. The account of a friend on that same very day of the protest, which in the course of covering the event videotaped footage of a person sleeping on the ground. He used the picture of the sleeping man to propagate that it was a dead body shot by the security. The speculation, on the first day of the protest, which circulated that Yoruba, Igbo and other tribes attending the square gave protection to Muslims during time for prayer against security harassment while Muslims did the same in turn to the fellow Christians to also perform their service, was just a propaganda, a purported claim orchestrated by the masterminded people among us to use it in achieving our aims. And of course it functioned well because I even heard it on media, and most important of all was that it fetched some semblance of unity and integrity, sense of belonging to one mother country among Nigerians and feeling of solidarity to fight a common enemy. The oppressors. I could also remember the event of the other day at Silver Jubilee square when security started shooting in the air after they left from Government House where they shot people with live ammunition who attempted to force their way straight into the House. When people dispersed away from the square following an attack by the security, I happened to be among the few who remained amidst of soldiers. To protect myself, I quickly brought out my phone as a bulwark against any possible security harassment and pretended making phone call to somebody likely to be outside the country, as my manner indicated, that the security were shooting and killing people indiscriminately. Quickly a soldier drew my attention, ‘please my friend show where we kill anybody, show me a dead body here that we killed. Please tell truth my friend.’ He exhorted. Without social media the security men might kill persons at the scene in addition to the ones they killed in the vicinity of Government House. They might likely have feared seeing people carrying phones and other quick service system devices of disseminating information. Another issue is when I called in on a radio programme hosting lawyers to discuss legal matters. I told them that a working committee was set with the responsible for preparing evidences of snaps and footages of crackdown and other war crimes  committed against humanity by the state security, and the committee had already liaised with other international  human right societies to assist us file the case before the ICC. These I believed had instilled fear in the mind of state officials. That would be the most likely reason why the government ran headlong in perspiration to pay the damages of a bus that belonged to BUK students and agreed without hesitation to pay compensation of any loss or damages of lives and property wrought by the state security and free medical treatment for the injured. You see ba, street journalists are gadflies and upholders of right protection. Thank you social journalism, the desired result was achieved.

Back to the Track
         
          The problem with social media particularly in the north is that people that will be contributing inputs to the media especially the youths concentrate with their phones much on listening music and watching obscene videos, and pictures   and other lewd materials. While there are many programmes nationally and internationally that people from the region don’t bother to listen and therefore to contribute. People from the north are usually excluded for we only listen without feeding the media with our feedback. Listening is fortunate to the very few who could endure it for there are those that could never do so. 

          When listening to an international programme, the BBC’s Focus on Africa or the VOA’s Day Break Africa, the messages and opinions that come from Nigeria emanate from the southern part of the country. To cap it all, even the text messages and opinions about public issues that are published in national dailies, Hausa dailies exclusive, you can hardly find a very substantial number presented from the north, only a very paltry. Why are such inputs not from the north? It might be because we lack training and skills on how to operate modern sophisticated devices and the human resources to guide us working such equipments. Or in other words our aversion to knowing things about the world, or in a simple language our laziness to engage our brain functioning. This aspect of producing news and stories is not a surgery task for we can share with the world our literary production, our culture, and our Durbar festival.
           
          In the national level when scouring for a particular piece or an article about the life history of the country, governmental information or academic sources; the larger percentage of the result will appear to be coming from the posts made by the southerners. Here I have a strong concern about our exclusion in mingling ourselves with others for we will either end up degraded or falsely projected by others who engaged themselves in sharing things with the world. For I was one day browsing information about Nigeria just then I encountered an article claiming that Lagos state is the most populated state in Nigeria which is wrong. According to information from the National Bureau de Statistics confirms that Kano is the most populated state in the country. Accounts of the 2006 national census conducted by the National Census Commission also confirm this. We will also lack representation in the world platform for expressing our views. The consequence with our remiss is that we will end up docile and the icy reality of our life culminating domicile, unknown. As one adage says ‘goods locked in the store are hardly sold quickly.’
          John Campbell a former US ambassador to Nigeria in his article Mapping Violence in Nigeria says, of course its analytical value is equally limited. Dependence on published reports means that incidents will be missed or reported inaccurately. This is particularly relevance in Nigeria where media is often concentrated in the south and important events in the north may not receive the coverage they should.” Considering his wordings it means that there is need of our engagement in media and the world affairs.

          We shouldn’t be reticent to the world about ourselves while the world is awaiting with insatiable curiosity to know things about us since we are in the midst vortex of  happenings, occurrences,  events about our culture and our environment, in politics , economy, security, disaster, justice and injustice, insecurity, crimes, and solidarity of great men and heroes. To make ourselves known to the world we must change from the taciturn manner and the sole aim of carrying devices for fashion, impression and materialistic ostentation. We must enfold the norms of contributing inputs to the media by expressing our opinion and concern so that we will not continue to be lagging behind, and start to compete with our fellow contemporaries anywhere in the world.
          To arrest the disheartening turn of event we must infest in media participation, sending our comments, posting our literary productions, sharing our views, expressing our feeling and concern as well as local happenings in our environment in an effort to make ourselves known to the world in the international stardom in order to build social civilization and collective globalization which in every now and then continues to turn the world in to a small village or a hamlet even.

Monday, 11 March 2013

Ode to Maryam



Ode to Maryam

By
Abubakar Sulaiman Muhd
06/03/2013

Gay and cute all is she
White dove in white bath
Showering in her wafting scent
Flowing in her Arab smell
Poshy in her colour dress

A seraph's song her voice is
Solace to a disturbing heart
Singing cool
In rhythmic tone
Sending soul to sleeping bed

In nature, blest is she
In her deeds
Finess, and decent norms
A sowing good her mouth is
A bunch of wax in all her thoughts

A sweet smelling-rose
Revealing a smiling face
In the hour of nighting moon
Glistering in sleeping sea
Colourful to an exciting scene
Maryam ode a fine seed